REVISITING VIRTUAL VS. REAL FRIENDSHIPS: QUALITY, DURATION, AND EVOLUTIONS FROM 2009 TO 2025.

Abstract

This research revisits a 2009 survey involving 334 internet users (mainly young, single, female students) that examined the differences between virtual (online) and real (offline) friendships. Utilizing modified scales from Parks and Floyd (1996) and Furman and Buhrmester (1985), it evaluated the theory that offline friendships are superior in quality (e.g., depth, commitment) and longevity. Results confirmed offline superiority (e.g., commitment: 63.3% vs. 36.7%, p<0.001), with online ties valued for fun but limited by low trust and minimal self disclosure. Updated with 2010 to 2025 research, findings align with meta-analyses showing offline’s emotional richness but highlight online’s complementary role, especially during COVID-19, where video based platforms mitigated isolation. Adolescents and those with insecurities gain advantages from online validation and the anonymity it provides, despite the ongoing risks associated with cyberbullying. Hybrid models that integrate both environments demonstrate potential for enhancing relational wellbeing. The discussion includes implications for the design of platforms and mental health interventions, alongside a call for longitudinal studies focusing on AI-mediated interactions and friendships among Generation Z