A POLYCENTRIC APPROACH TO HERITAGE SAFEGUARDING: A CASE STUDY OF COMMUNITY-LED INITIATIVES FOR BUDDHIST SITES IN SWAT AND SWABI, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA

Abstract

This research article explores the emergent and decentralized mode of cultural heritage safeguarding in the backdrop of the existential threats to the Buddhist Heritage sites in the valley of Swat of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Apart from the government-led or international Non-governmental organizations-led preservation paradigms, this research has identified and analysed the distinct, autonomous but convergent roles played by a diverse set of local agents. A qualitative analysis of various stakeholders' individual activities was identified, such as the Museum curators, archaeologists, artists, news media personnel, architects, immediate neighbourhood members, educators, and folk singers; each has devised a distinct strategy within their own circles of influence. Although the phenomenon was not a coordinated one, top-down directive, their collective efforts posed a resilient, polycentric network for the protection of cultural heritage. This foundational level mobilization was basically reinforced by a tactical reframing of the archaeological site from being solely of religious significance to the shared and common heritage, serving as a critical motivator for local interaction. This case study is of the view that such organic, multi-stakeholder models existing in a community present a vital and often overlooked component for sustainable preservation efforts in areas with conflict or post-conflict situations.