ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION PATTERNS IN SELECTED MUGHAL ERA MONUMENTS FROM PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Buildings constructed out of bricks and other porous materials are subject to both physical and chemical damage over the course of their lifetimes as a result of exposure to the weather. After that, deterioration takes place as a result of a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic factors, and the damage to the urban environment is extremely extensive, which causes the material's form to change. As a result of the Mughal monuments in the Punjab Province of Pakistan being subjected to comparable environmental dangers and serving as an experimental ground for inadequate conservation, these historic structures are deteriorating at an alarming rate and cannot be reversed. The study and analysis of a variety of brick samples taken from a selection of monuments served as the base for this work. As time passes, many of its elements and features diminishing as can be seen in a number of different locations. In order to ensure the preservation of this irreplaceable heritage asset, it is necessary to develop a conservation strategy for these monuments. This strategy should involve the characterization of the materials, the identification of the environmental impacts, and the evaluation and development of conservation scenarios.