نذر و منت کی شرعی حیثیت اور اس کے سماجی و نفسیاتی اثرات THE SHARI'AH LEGALITY OF VOWS AND ITS SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACTS

Abstract

This research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept, significance, and legal framework of Vows (Nadhar) within the Islamic tradition. In Shari'ah, Nadhar is defined as a solemn pledge made by a believer to perform a virtuous act for the sake of Allah—such as optional prayers, fasting, or charity—that was not initially a religious obligation. The study explores the psychological and spiritual dimensions of this practice, emphasizing it as a profound expression of the relationship between the Creator and the created.

Drawing upon primary sources, the article examines the Quranic evidence where the fulfillment of vows is characterized as a trait of the righteous (Abad-Allah) and a prerequisite for Taqwa (God-consciousness). A comparative study of the four major schools of Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) is presented, referencing authoritative texts such as Al-Hidayah (Hanafi), Al-Muwatta (Maliki), Kitab al-Umm (Shafi'i), and Al-Masail (Hanbali).

The research further distinguishes between a "Vow of Obedience" (Nadhar al-Ta'at), which is mandatory to fulfill, and a "Vow of Disobedience" (Nadhar al-Ma'siya), which is strictly prohibited. It clarifies the essential conditions for a valid vow, including the requirement that it must be dedicated solely to Allah and involve a recognized act of worship. Additionally, the paper addresses the social and economic impacts of vows, such as wealth redistribution through charity and support for the underprivileged.

The concluding sections provide a detailed distinction between a Vow (Nadhar) and an Oath (Yameen), alongside the specific rulings for Expiation (Kaffara) as ordained in the Holy Quran (Surah Al-Ma'idah: 89) for those unable to fulfill their pledges. This work serves as a scholarly guide for understanding the legal, ethical, and social boundaries of vowing in Islam.