SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST MINORS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL FRAMEWORKS OF UNITED KINGDOM AND PAKISTAN

Abstract

Sexual violence against children remains a serious and pervasive threat to child welfare in the contemporary era. This study examines the prevalence and legal response to child sexual abuse in Pakistan, noting that over 18,000 cases were reported between 2017 and 2022. Despite Pakistan’s obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, significant gaps persist in the protection of children and the enforcement of their rights. The paper critically evaluates Pakistan’s legal and institutional framework addressing sexual offences against minors and highlights deficiencies in accountability and implementation. A comparative analysis with the United Kingdom’s legal system is undertaken to identify best practices and structural differences. The study further assesses recent legal developments in both jurisdictions and argues that weak enforcement and lack of deterrent punishment undermine the effectiveness of existing laws in Pakistan. It concludes by offering recommendations aimed at strengthening legal protections, improving institutional responses, and enhancing compliance with international child rights standards.