PATRIARCHAL STRUCTURES INFLUENCING WOMEN’S ENGAGEMENT AND ROLE IN THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE OF AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR

Abstract

The patriarchy in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is deeply embedded in the historical and cultural traditions of the Kashmir region. An analysis of historical phases indicates that, although women have had some involvement in political spheres, their participation has been restricted by male-dominated state institutions and societal structures. The period following partition is characterised by political dependence, with women's involvement shaped by patriarchal patterns. In 1970, women participated in political activities for the first time. Prior to this, they had not been actively encouraged to engage in political pursuits, primarily due to the conflict situation prevalent in the region, notably the tense India-Pakistan relations, which fostered war and an undemocratic environment. After the partition, women in AJK encountered numerous obstacles to their political and social advancement. These barriers were predominantly sustained by patriarchal norms that confined women's public roles to serving male interests. This research examines the practices that restrict women's political participation and their roles within the context of Azad Jammu and Kashmir.