STRENGTHENING THE BINDING FORCE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE 21ST CENTURY

Abstract

This article examines the causes of low enforceability of international law and explores ways to strengthen its binding force. It argues that the absence of a central sovereign authority, the principle of state sovereignty, and weak enforcement mechanisms limit the effectiveness of international legal obligations. The role of power politics, selective application of sanctions, and ambiguity in legal norms further weaken compliance. Recent state practice, including actions by the Trump administration toward the ICC, UNRWA, and multilateral agreements, illustrates these dilemmas in contemporary international relations. The article suggests that clearer treaty design, domestic incorporation, consistent enforcement, and reputational costs can enhance compliance. Capacity building and regional integration are also identified as key tools to improve implementation. It concludes that while coercion remains limited, international law gains binding force when states perceive adherence as beneficial to stability and cooperation. Ultimately, maintaining the authority of international law requires balancing respect for sovereignty with stronger accountability and political will.