DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC VALIDATION OF THE FORMAN MENTAL LOAD SCALE (FMLS)

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and validate an indigenous, culturally adaptive tool, Forman Mental Load Scale (FMLS), to assess the multidimensional nature of mental load among emerging adults in Pakistan. The research followed a two-phase design. Following item generation, exploratory factor analysis, reliability and validity analyses, and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a six-factor structure: Psychological Load, Cognitive Load, Psychophysiological Load, Psychosocial Load, Psychoemotional Load, and Social Responsibility Load. The FMLS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .96) and test-retest reliability (ICC = .97). Convergent validity was confirmed via positive correlations with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10). In contrast, discriminant validity was supported through negative correlations with the Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Females reported significantly higher mental load scores than males (p = .004). Exploratory factor analysis supported a six-factor structure, whereas confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit. The FMLS offers a comprehensive, culturally sensitive tool to assess and screen mental load in Pakistani students, addressing a key gap and supporting better understanding and intervention.