ZOONOTIC DISEASE SURVEILLANCE IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: EVIDENCE FOR AN INTEGRATED ONE HEALTH APPROACH TO GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases at the livestock–human interface present a major public health, food security and global health security threats. In this study, quantitative data on livestock zoonotic disease surveillance was reviewed and synthesized, with an assessment of its integration in a One Health approach. The secondary evidence synthesis was structured, with a focus on 2024–2026 evidence including systematic reviews, scoping reviews, meta-analyses and peer-reviewed studies. The results showed that there was a significant level of surveillance capacity but low levels of integration: 89 out of 126 animal syndromic-surveillance systems monitored livestock, with only 12 (9.5%) having an explicit One Health approach. Only 48.3% of the prioritized pathogen–antimicrobial combinations were included in livestock antimicrobial-resistance surveillance. Bovine tuberculosis prevalence was 6.06% (35 studies in 37085 bovines) in Pakistan. The results of this study highlight integrated, interoperable One Health surveillance, which incorporates animal, human, environment, food-safety, and laboratory systems.