“UNDERUTILIZATION OF HIGH MOUNTAIN RESOURCES IN GILGIT-BALTISTAN, PAKISTAN: A MIXED-METHOD REVIEW-BASED ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CLIMATIC, SOCIOECONOMIC, ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES”

Abstract

The study is based on a mixed-method review-based analytical approach integrating secondary datasets, comparative regional assessment, and evidence-based thematic analysis covering the period 1990–2023, to examine climatic, socioeconomic, environmental, and governance-related determinants of resource underutilization and food security in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan.Gilgit-Baltistan (GB), located in northern Pakistan, is the only region that hosts all of the country’s mountain peaks rising above 8,000 meters, including some of the world’s highest summits. Despite its immense natural wealth and significant potential for economic growth, tourism, agriculture, and environmental resources, the region remains largely underutilized. This underutilization is primarily attributed to inadequate infrastructure, poor road connectivity, limited access to healthcare and education, restricted market access, insufficient investment, and policy instability. These constraints have hindered business operations, reduced regional integration, and limited the sustainable use of natural and agro-based resources.This study examines the major factors influencing food security and resource utilization in the mountainous region of Gilgit-Baltistan, with particular emphasis on climatic challenges, socioeconomic conditions, environmental impacts, and development opportunities. The research also compares food security conditions between mountainous and plain regions of Pakistan and extends the analysis to the Hindu Kush Himalayan (HKH) region in comparison with neighboring countries. Using a mixed-method and evidence-based descriptive research approach, the study highlights the interconnected effects of climate vulnerability, governance limitations, and economic constraints on livelihoods and food availability.The findings suggest that coordinated efforts by government institutions, non-governmental organizations, researchers, and local communities are essential to improve food security and promote sustainable development in GB. The study proposes policy recommendations focused on infrastructure development, market integration, research-driven resource exploration, and better utilization of agro-ecological resources to strengthen regional and national economic growth.