GENDER DISPARITIES REGARDING REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN LEADERSHIP ROLES WITHIN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION

Abstract

Gender disparities in leadership positions within higher education institutions remain a persistent global challenge, particularly in regions where cultural norms and institutional structures reinforce traditional gender roles. Despite increasing female representation among academic staff, leadership roles continue to be dominated by men. This study investigates the underlying causes of gender imbalances in academic leadership, drawing on Servant Leadership Theory as a guiding framework. Using an explanatory mixed-method design, the research aims to assess the extent of gender disparities in leadership roles in higher education, explore institutional and cultural barriers hindering women’s advancement, and evaluate the applicability of servant leadership principles in promoting gender equity. Quantitative data were collected through Likert-scale surveys from 120 faculty members and qualitative insights through semi-structured interviews with 15 participants. Statistical analyses (chi-square, one-way ANOVA, descriptive statistics) revealed significant gender-based disparities (p < 0.05) in access to leadership roles, institutional support, and perceptions of fairness. Although women made up 48% of faculty, they occupied only 22% of leadership roles, highlighting substantial underrepresentation. Qualitative findings revealed persistent barriers, including gender stereotypes, lack of mentorship, and exclusion from decision-making. While servant leadership values, like empathy and empowerment, are acknowledged, their practical adoption is often undermined by male-dominated leadership cultures. The study emphasizes the need for targeted institutional reforms, including structured mentorship, gender-sensitive leadership training, and anti-discrimination policies. Adopting a servant leadership approach can significantly improve inclusivity and ensure the sustainable development of academic leadership structures.